November is Diabetes Awareness Month, a time to focus on the impact of diabetes on individuals and the importance of early detection, lifestyle habits, and effective management strategies. Diabetes affects millions in the United States, and it’s especially important to understand the toll it takes on foot health. At West Coast Podiatry Center, we see firsthand how diabetes can impact lower limb health, making it vital for those with diabetes to be informed and proactive in managing their condition.

Diabetes: The Scope of the Problem

The prevalence of diabetes in the United States has risen significantly over recent decades. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), approximately 37 million Americans—about 11.3% of the population—are living with diabetes, with millions more at risk due to prediabetes. Of particular concern is the rapid increase in cases of type 2 diabetes, which is largely preventable. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also notes that about 96 million U.S. adults—more than one in three—have prediabetes, but over 80% of them are unaware of their condition.

Diabetes is often associated with serious complications, including cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, vision loss, and nerve damage. These complications can significantly impact quality of life and longevity, highlighting the need for widespread awareness and proactive management, particularly when it comes to foot health.

Causes and Risk Factors of Diabetes

Diabetes is categorized into several types, with type 1 and type 2 being the most common. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, and its exact cause remains unknown. However, type 2 diabetes—the most common form—often develops due to lifestyle factors, such as poor diet, sedentary habits, obesity, and genetic predisposition. Type 2 diabetes can frequently be prevented or delayed with healthy lifestyle choices, including regular physical activity and a balanced diet.

Other risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes include:

– Age: Individuals over 45 are at higher risk.

– Family history: A family history of diabetes increases risk.

– Obesity and physical inactivity: Excess weight and a sedentary lifestyle are key contributors.

– Ethnicity: Some ethnic groups, including African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans, are at a higher risk of developing diabetes.

Foot Health and Diabetes: Why It Matters

Diabetes can lead to serious complications for the feet due to two primary issues: poor circulation and nerve damage. High blood sugar levels over time can damage the blood vessels and nerves in the feet, leading to reduced blood flow and sensation, a condition known as diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy can make it difficult to feel pain, heat, or cold in the feet, increasing the risk of injury, infections, and ulcers.

Some common foot problems related to diabetes include:

1. Neuropathy: Nerve damage can result in loss of sensation, making it difficult for people with diabetes to notice injuries.
2. Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD): Reduced blood flow to the legs and feet can slow healing of wounds and sores.
3. Foot Ulcers: Non-healing ulcers are common in diabetics and, if untreated, may lead to infections and even amputation.
4. Infections: Even minor cuts or blisters can become serious when infections set in, as diabetes slows the body’s healing processes.

The CDC estimates that about 50% of people with diabetes suffer from neuropathy, and the risk of a diabetic patient requiring a foot or leg amputation is 10 times higher than that of a non-diabetic individual. Maintaining good foot health is thus critical for diabetics to avoid severe complications.

Prevention and Control: Lifestyle Habits for Healthy Feet

Preventing or controlling diabetes requires a commitment to healthy habits, and for those already diagnosed, it’s crucial to manage blood sugar levels effectively to prevent complications. Here are key lifestyle habits that can benefit both overall and foot health for individuals with or at risk of diabetes:

1. Regular Physical Activity: Exercise helps lower blood sugar levels and improves circulation. The ADA recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity weekly.
2. Healthy Eating: A diet low in sugar, refined carbs, and processed foods, and high in whole grains, lean protein, and vegetables can help control blood sugar and prevent weight gain.
3. Routine Foot Care: Inspect your feet daily for cuts, blisters, or changes in skin color. Keep your feet clean and moisturized but avoid applying lotion between the toes, as this can increase the risk of infection.
4. Proper Footwear: Wear shoes that fit well and offer good support. Avoid going barefoot, even at home, to protect your feet from injury.
5. Regular Check-Ups: Annual or biannual podiatry appointments are essential for early detection and treatment of any developing foot issues. A podiatrist can help manage conditions like corns, calluses, or ingrown toenails and provide guidance on foot care.
6. Blood Sugar Monitoring and Medication: Following your doctor’s recommendations for blood sugar management is fundamental in controlling diabetes and preventing complications. Consistent monitoring allows you to make adjustments to diet, exercise, and medication as needed.

The Role of Podiatric Care in Managing Diabetes

Podiatric care is integral to diabetes management, especially for individuals with peripheral neuropathy or circulation issues. Routine foot exams and specialized diabetic foot care can prevent many complications from developing or worsening. Diabetic patients should see their podiatrist at least once a year, and more frequently if they notice any unusual symptoms or have a history of foot problems.

At West Coast Podiatry Center, our team is dedicated to providing comprehensive diabetic foot care to help our patients manage their condition and maintain foot health. We offer a range of services, from routine check-ups and education on foot care to wound management and specialized treatments for diabetic foot ulcers. With the right podiatric support, people with diabetes can significantly reduce their risk of complications and live healthier, more active lives.

Taking Steps for a Healthier Future

Diabetes Awareness Month is a reminder that diabetes affects many aspects of health and quality of life, particularly foot health. By staying informed, practicing healthy lifestyle habits, and prioritizing regular podiatric care, individuals with diabetes can better control their condition and reduce the risk of complications. At West Coast Podiatry Center, we are here to support you in every step of your journey to optimal foot health.

Take advantage of this month to schedule a check-up, learn more about diabetes management, and make positive changes that will protect your feet and your overall health.